Telegraphy.



N0.'894,214. PATENTED JULY 28, 1908.

I. KITSEE. TELEGRAPHY.

APPLIGATION FILED APR. 24, 1907.

WITNESSES: I N VEN TOR ISIDOR KITSEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

TE LE GRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Ju1y28, 1908.

Application filed April 24, 1907. Serial No. 369,971.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, IsIDoR KITSEE, citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and 3 State ofPennsylvania, have invented cerin telegraphy.

3 such is not the case.

tain new and useful Im rovements in Telegraphy, of Which the fo lowingis a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement The invention is applicable totelegraphy in general, but its advantage is more ascertainable intelegraphing over lines with great capacity, such for instance assubmarine cables. I will describe this, my invention, as applied to suchcables.

It is well known, that the moving of the zero is one of the greatestdrawbacks in cable telegraphy. This moving of the zero can only beovercome through the impression on the line of true reversals, that is,of impulses always of the same intensity and duration, but alternatelyof opposite direction. To persons versed in the art, it is also wellknown that the cable is subject to What is called the surging of earthcurrents. I have found through experiments, that if the impulseimpressed upon the line is sharply defined and of very short duration,the far-off receiver is not as much subject to the surging ofourrent,,provided the arrangements are such, that the receiver is notdirectly connected to the line and is arranged so as to answer only togreat changes of. polarity.

At the first glance, it would seem that a converting arrangement,whereby through the making and breaking of the current in the primary,an impulse is induced in the secondary,would answer the pur ose. But

First of a the impulse generated in the secondary due to the ceasing ofthe current in the primary is of far greater potential than the impulsedue to the commencing of the flow of the current and, as stated above,both impulses should be of the same potential if the moving of the zeroshould be obviated besides persons in charge of lines, such as submarinecables, are adverse to impress upon the line impulses of such highvoltage, as the impulse generated in the secondary through the ceasingof the current. To overcome this objection, -I have recourse to anarrangement, which is illustrated in the drawing and will hereinafter bedescribed. With this arrangement,

line. To obviate the bad effect of the surging of the currents in thecable independent of the currents transmitted from the sending station,I have recourse to an arranegment, which is also illustrated in thedrawing and will also hereinafter be duly described.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of part of a cableprovided with a transmitting and receiving station. In this figure, onlyone transmitting and receiving station is illustrated and the cablebroken off at a distance from this station; it being obvious that thetransmitting and receiving station at the far-off end is a duplicate ofthe transmitting and receiving station illustrated. Fig. 2 is asectional view of an inductorium illustrating one method of adjustingthe primary as to the secondary. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of thecoil of the secondary showing how the different layers of the coil maybe connected in multiple or series.

In Fig. 1, 1 is the line of transmission, here shown as a broken offcable. The cable is here shown as to be connected to the ground 2 withthe interposition of the condenser 16 and the condenser 11 and thesecondary 9 of an inductorium.

3 are the transmitting means. These transmitting means consist of theprimary 8 of an inductorium, here shown as to be connected to the twosources of current 4 and 5. The source of current 4 is here illustratedas to consist of two batteries and the source of current 5 is hereillustrated as to consist of one battery, both batteries in oppositionasto each other. Around the battery 4 is the shunt 6 provided with meansto open and close the same. These means are illustrated here as toconsist of the key 7. The secondary 9 of the inductorium is connected,as stated before, in series with the line 1. The receiving device 13here illustrated as a polarized relay is not connected directly to theline, but is connected in shunt to the condenser 16 and this shunt ishere provided with the variable resistances 15.

The siphon recorder is to-day employed in cable telegraphy and may besubstituted for the electromagnetic device, as illustrated. I have foundthat it is of the greatest convenience and often a necessity to enablethe operator to adjust the relation of the primary as to the secondaryat will.

In Fig. 1, I have illustrated the means to adjust the inductive power bythe conducttrue reversals are always impressed upon the l ing tube 10.It is well known that if a metallic tube is inserted between the primaryand secondary, the influence of the primary on the secondary can beregulated at will by the simple moving in and out of the shielding tube.In Fig. 2, I have illustrated this adjusting means as to consist of amovable primary. With this arrangement, the operator may increase ordecrease the inducing influence of the primary on the second-ary bysimply moving the primary farther into the secondary or moving the samepartially out of said secondary.

In Fig. 3, I have illustrated the mode of increasing or decreasing thepotential of the secondary by simply changing the connection of thedifferent layers of this coil and in this figure, I have illustrated thecoil as to be subject only to three different connections, but it isobvious that there may be more than three connections, as there may bemore than four layers. In this figure, the connection designated by ashows the layers of the coil as to be in multiple. The connectiondesignated by b shows the coil as to be connected in multi-series; andthe connection designated by 0 shows the layers of the coil as to beconnected in series with each other.

The operation of the transmitting device is as follows :Supposing thatthe transmitting means is a manual key. In such case, the primary isnormally connected with the two sources 4 and 5. The operator firstadjusts the relation of the primary, so that the impulse transmittedshould be sufficient to actuate the far-off receiver, but should not bein excess thereof. He then operates the key in the same manner as thekey is operated to-day on land or Morse telegraphy; that is, he closesthe key for a short period to denote a dot and for a longer period todenote a dash. Through the closing of the key, an impulse will flowthrough the primary in one direction and through the opening of the key,an impulse will flow through the primary in an opposite direction, eachof these impulses inducing an opposite impulse in the secondary 9, andas through the closing of the key, a current of the same voltage willflow through the primary as when the key is open, it is obvious that theimpulse generated at 9, through the opening or closing of the key, willalways be of the same intensity.

It must be stated here that instead of a manual key, any of the wellknown automatic means either with the aid of a tape or otherwise, may besubstituted; but it is best to have one or the other of the sources ofenergy always included in the primary circuit and I prefer sucharrangement to an arrangement whereby normally the primary is notconnected with any of the sources and is connected alternately to one orthe other of the sources.

As to the receiving arrangement, it has to be stated that with such anarrangement purpose, so also may any of the polarized relays, providedthe same is sensitive enough to be actuated by the weak impulses arrivedat the receiving station.

In telegraphing, it was found that the sharply defined impulsesimpressed upon the line by the transmitting operator are capable ofcharging the condenser 16 sufliciently, so that the same may actuate thereceiving device 13, even through a resistance, which at some of myexperiments had a value of over one thousand ohms at each side of theshunt; but the waves due to the surging of currents foreign to thetransmitting current, are of such nature that, when they pass thecondenser 16, they do not change its potential sufficient, so that thesame may actuate the receiving device. I have provided the resistancesof the shunt with means to adjust the same, as in some cases a very highresistance should be placed in this shunt, and in some cases, it is bestto have this shunt provided only with a resistance of low value.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. In telegraphy, means to transmit inducedtrue reversals, said means embracing an inductorium, two sources ofcurrent for the primary of said inductorium, and means to cause one orthe other of said currents to flow through said primary, during the timeof transmission as well as time of rest, the secondary of saidinductorium inserted in the line of transmission.

2. In combination with a telegraphic line, means to transmit inducedtrue reversals, said means embracing two sources of current for theprimary and a transmitting key therefor, and means to cause the currentof one or the other of the sources to flow through said primary, inaccordance with the opening or closing of said transmitting key, thesecondary inserted in the telegraphic line.

3. Means to transmit telegraphically induced true reversals, said meansembracing an inductorium, two sources of current oppositely connectedand normally in circuit with the primary coil, and means to shunt one ofsaid sources in accordance with the character to be transmitted.

4. 1 A cable, a coil inserted in said cable, a second coil in inductiverelation to the first named coil, said second coil connected to twosources of current, one source greater than the other and both sourcesin opposition as to each other, in combination with means to shunt oneof said sources in accordance with the polarity of the impulse to betransmitted.

5. In telegraphy, means to transmit induced true reversals and means toreceive the same, said second means comprising a condenser inserted-inthe line of transmission, a shunt therefor, and a polarized receiver insaid shunt.

6. In telegraphy, the combination with the line of means to transmitinduced true reversals and receiving means, said receiving meanscomprising a condenser inserted in the line, a shunt for said condenser,a resistance in said shunt, and a polarized receiver closing said shunt.

7. In telegraphy, the combination With the line of means to impress uponsaid line induced impulses always of the same intensity and duration,but alternately of opposite po- 15 larity, and to receive the same Withthe aid of a receiver provided With means to nullify the effect of thesurging Waves in said line.

In testimony whereof I afliX my signature in presence of tWo Witnesses.

ISIDOR KITSEE. Witnesses:

ALVAH RITTENHoUsE, MARY (1. SMITH.

